Early approaches to predicting weather were based on astrology and were practiced by priests. The ability to predict rains and floods based on annual cycles was evidently used by humans at least from the time of agricultural settlement if not earlier. Ancient religions believed meteorological phenomena to be under the control of the gods. The word meteorology is from the Ancient Greek μετέωρος metéōros ( meteor) and -λογία -logia ( -(o)logy), meaning "the study of things high in the air."Įarly attempts at predicting weather were often related to prophecy and divining, and were sometimes based on astrological ideas. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production, transport, agriculture, and construction. The interactions between Earth's atmosphere and its oceans are part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteorology and hydrology compose the interdisciplinary field of hydrometeorology. Meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and atmospheric chemistry are sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences. Different spatial scales are used to describe and predict weather on local, regional, and global levels. Meteorological phenomena are described and quantified by the variables of Earth's atmosphere: temperature, air pressure, water vapour, mass flow, and the variations and interactions of these variables, and how they change over time. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events that are explained by the science of meteorology. An important branch of weather forecasting is marine weather forecasting as it relates to maritime and coastal safety, in which weather effects also include atmospheric interactions with large bodies of water. It was not until after the elucidation of the laws of physics, and more particularly in the latter half of the 20th century the development of the computer (allowing for the automated solution of a great many modelling equations) that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not begin until the 18th century. If the radar animation of the last hours shows local thunderstorms or precipitation cells forming and disappearing in an irregular manner, then the forecast is not vey accurate.Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The forecast works very well when weather fronts or large organized precipitation structures are moving regularly, without disappearing or being created. Real weather is more complex than just the displacement of existing precipitation cells. Longer forecasts are not possible, as new precipitation cells are developing or existing ones are disappearing within a short time. This so called precipitation nowcast is the most accurate precipitation forecast possible but the forecast horizon is limited to about an hour.
The rain/snow forecast is computed by estimating the movement of precipitation cells observed by radar and extrapolating this movement into the future. Moreover, some countries do not operate a weather radar network, and in those countries satellite data is used to estimate rainfall, which is less accurate than a realtime weather radar.įrance: How accurate is the radar based forecast? Note that lightning is not shown on the forecast, as it cannot be predicted. Light blue indicates drizzle, blue a medium intensity, and red and yellow indicate very strong precipitation, usually associated with thunderstorms.Ĭurrent lightning strikes are marked with small orange dots on the map (Europe only).
The different colours indicate the intensity of rainfall or snowfall. The radar map is updated every 5 minutes with a new radar observation. The weather radar ( France) shows where it is currently raining or snowing.
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